The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), launched by the Indian government on October 2, 2014, is a transformative initiative aimed at enhancing sanitation and cleanliness across the country. Marking the 145th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, the mission reflects his vision of a cleaner and healthier India. This comprehensive program is divided into two main components: the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) and the Swachh Bharat Mission (Rural). The primary objective of the Swachh Bharat Mission is to eliminate open defecation by promoting the construction and use of toilets, thereby ensuring a cleaner environment and improved public health. The mission also seeks to encourage solid waste management, hygiene, and sanitation practices, aiming for a holistic improvement in the quality of life for all citizens. In the urban context, the SBM focuses on improving sanitation infrastructure, waste management systems, and public awareness. In rural areas, the emphasis is on building household toilets, creating open defecation-free (ODF) villages, and fostering community-led sanitation activities. One of the mission’s flagship initiatives is the construction of household and community toilets. The government provides financial incentives and technical support to encourage people to build and use toilets. Special attention is given to marginalized communities and areas lacking sanitation infrastructure. The Solid Waste Management promotes effective waste management practices, including waste segregation at source, recycling, and composting. Urban areas are encouraged to establish waste processing facilities and adopt scientific methods for waste disposal. The mission underscores the importance of community participation in sanitation efforts. It fosters awareness through campaigns, educational programs, and public engagements. Activities such as cleanliness drives, workshops, and rallies are organized to instill a sense of responsibility and encourage behavioral changes. Effective monitoring mechanisms are put in place to assess the progress of the mission.
This includes regular inspections, audits, and feedback mechanisms to ensure the quality and sustainability of sanitation projects. In addition to toilets, the mission focuses on upgrading existing sanitation infrastructure, including public toilets, sewage systems, and waste treatment plants. Urban areas are encouraged to improve their sanitation facilities to meet international standards. Since its inception, the Swachh Bharat Mission has achieved significant milestones.
The mission has also contributed to enhanced cleanliness and sanitation in public spaces, including roads, markets, and tourist spots. The increased awareness and engagement have led to better hygiene practices and a cleaner environment.
