Tokyo: A huge region around the centre of the Milky Way is devoid of young stars, according to a new study that may be crucial to understanding how our galaxy formed and evolved.
The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy containing many billions of stars, with our Sun about 26,000 light years from its centre.
Measuring the distribution of these stars is crucial to our understanding of how our galaxy formed and evolved.
Pulsating stars called Cepheids are ideal for this. They are much younger (between 10 and 300 million years old) than our Sun (4.6 billion years old) and they pulsate in brightness in a regular cycle.
The length of this cycle is related to the luminosity of the Cepheid, so if astronomers monitor them they can establish how bright the star really is, compare it with what we see from Earth, and work out its distance.
Despite this, finding Cepheids in the inner Milky Way is difficult, as the galaxy is full of interstellar dust which blocks out light and hides many stars from view.
Researchers compensated for this, with an analysis of near-infrared observations made with a Japanese-South African telescope located in South Africa.
They found hardly any Cepheids in a huge region stretching for thousands of light years from the core of the galaxy.
“We already found some while ago that there are Cepheids in the central heart of our Milky Way (in a region about 150 light years in radius),” said Noriyuki Matsunaga of the University of Tokyo, who led the study.
“Now we find that outside this there is a huge Cepheid desert extending out to 8,000 light years from the centre,” Matsunaga said.
This suggests that a large part of our Galaxy, called the Extreme Inner Disk, has no young stars.
“Our conclusions are contrary to other recent work, but in line with the work of radio astronomers who see no new stars being born in this desert,” said Michael Feast of the University of Cape Town and South African Astronomical Observatory.
“The current results indicate that there has been no significant star formation in this large region over hundreds of millions years,” said Giuseppe Bono, from University of Rome Tor Vergata in Italy.
“The movement and the chemical composition of the new Cepheids are helping us to better understand the formation and evolution of the Milky Way,” said Bono.
Cepheids have more typically been used to measure the distances of objects in the distant universe.
The current study is an example instead of the same technique showing the structure of our own Milky Way, researchers said.
The research was published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
PTI
