Mohammad Hanief
From restaurant menus and parking meters to hospital forms, digital payments, and train tickets, QR codes have quietly become a part of everyday life. A small square of black-and-white patterns now connects people instantly to websites, payment gateways, documents, and apps. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated their adoption, pushing contactless interactions into the mainstream. But as QR codes become more common, an important question arises: Are QR codes safe to use in daily life?
At their core, QR (Quick Response) codes are simple tools. They store information-most often a web link-that can be read by a smartphone camera or scanner app. Unlike traditional links that users can read before clicking, QR codes hide their destination. This convenience is also their biggest weakness. When users scan a QR code, they often do so without knowing where it will take them or what action it might trigger. This hidden nature can be exploited by cybercriminals and scammers in a variety of ways, making awareness and caution essential for anyone using them.
Cybersecurity experts warn that QR codes themselves are not inherently dangerous, but they can be used as vehicles for fraud. Criminals exploit trust and curiosity, placing malicious QR codes in public spaces or embedding them in emails, flyers, and posters. This type of attack is increasingly known as “quishing,” a combination of QR codes and phishing. Instead of tricking users into clicking suspicious links, scammers simply invite them to scan. In busy public spaces like markets, airports, or metro stations, people rarely pause to question the authenticity of a QR code, which makes these locations prime targets for fraud.
One of the most common risks associated with QR codes is redirection to fake websites. A malicious QR code may lead to a page that looks identical to a bank login portal, payment app, or government website. Unsuspecting users may enter passwords, PINs, or card details, believing the site to be legitimate. Within seconds, sensitive information can be stolen, and often, users are unaware until the damage has been done. This is particularly concerning for elderly or less tech-savvy individuals who may not immediately recognize suspicious URLs or security warnings.
Another growing concern is payment fraud. In many countries, QR-based digital payments are widely used for groceries, taxis, donations, and street vendors. Fraudsters sometimes replace legitimate payment QR codes with their own. When customers scan and pay, the money is silently transferred to the scammer instead of the intended recipient. Such incidents have been reported in markets, parking areas, and even charity collection boxes. The rise of small-scale QR-based scams underscores the importance of verifying the source before scanning.
QR codes can also be used to trigger unwanted downloads. Some codes redirect users to websites that automatically download malicious software or prompt them to install fake apps. These apps may contain spyware, ransomware, or tools that monitor keystrokes and access personal data. While modern smartphones have improved security, users who allow permissions without scrutiny remain vulnerable. In some cases, these apps can even take control of devices remotely, leading to serious privacy breaches or financial loss.
Email and message-based QR scams are another emerging threat. Scammers send messages claiming to be from delivery companies, banks, or utility providers, asking recipients to scan a QR code to “confirm details” or “resolve an issue.” The sense of urgency pushes users to act quickly, bypassing caution. Because QR codes look harmless and familiar, they often evade suspicion more easily than traditional phishing links. Awareness campaigns and educational programs are vital to teach people how to spot such scams and respond safely.
Despite these risks, it would be inaccurate to label QR codes as unsafe by default. Millions of legitimate QR scans occur daily without incident. When used responsibly by trusted organizations, QR codes offer speed, efficiency, and accessibility. Businesses and public services rely on them for ticketing, product information, digital menus, and secure logins. The real issue lies in how and where QR codes are used, and whether users practice basic digital hygiene.
Experts recommend several precautions to improve safety. First, users should be cautious about scanning QR codes from unknown or unsecured locations, such as random stickers on walls, poles, or public transport seats. A QR code pasted over another is a common red flag. Before scanning, it is wise to check whether the code appears tampered with or out of place. Using official channels, such as QR codes from recognized apps or printed documents from trusted institutions, can reduce the risk of fraud.
Second, users should pay attention to the preview shown by their phone after scanning. Many smartphones display the web address before opening it. If the URL looks suspicious, misspelled, or unrelated to the expected service, it should not be opened. Legitimate organizations usually use official domains rather than short or obscure links. Users can also rely on built-in security features, such as browser warnings and app verification tools, to avoid malicious websites.
Third, QR codes should never be trusted blindly for sensitive actions. Entering passwords, banking credentials, or personal identification details after scanning a QR code should be avoided unless the source is verified beyond doubt. Banks and government agencies generally discourage sharing such information through QR-based links. It is also recommended to use two-factor authentication for online accounts and payments, adding an extra layer of security even if a QR code leads to a potentially harmful site.
Businesses and institutions also share responsibility. Companies using QR codes should ensure they link only to secure, encrypted websites and regularly inspect physical QR displays for tampering. Clear branding and instructions can help users identify authentic codes. In high-risk environments, QR codes can be supplemented with alternative access methods, such as printed URLs. Training staff to recognize tampering and educating customers about safe scanning practices are equally important.
Governments and regulators are beginning to recognize the risks. Cyber awareness campaigns in several countries now include warnings about QR code fraud. Some digital payment platforms have introduced confirmation screens, merchant verification steps, and transaction alerts to reduce misuse. However, regulation alone cannot replace public awareness. Users must remain vigilant, and companies must adopt proactive security measures to maintain trust.
The future of QR codes will likely depend on trust. As technology evolves, security features such as signed QR codes, dynamic codes, and in-app scanners with built-in warnings may reduce risks. Dynamic QR codes can be modified or invalidated remotely if tampered with, providing an extra level of security. At the same time, users must adapt their behavior, treating QR codes with the same caution they apply to unfamiliar links and emails.
In daily life, QR codes are neither heroes nor villains. They are tools-powerful, convenient, and neutral. Their safety depends on who creates them and how they are used. Blind trust can turn convenience into vulnerability, while informed caution can make QR codes a reliable part of modern living. Awareness, skepticism, and verification are the best defenses against QR code fraud.
As society becomes more digitally connected, the question is not whether QR codes should be used, but whether users are equipped to use them wisely. In a world where a single scan can open doors-or traps-awareness remains the strongest form of protection. By understanding the potential risks, practicing careful scanning, and relying on verified sources, individuals can enjoy the benefits of QR technology without compromising safety. Ultimately, QR codes are safe in daily life when treated with informed caution and responsibility, allowing users to harness convenience without falling prey to cyber threats.
(The author is a senior analyst)
