Sanatana Dharma, often referred to simply as Hinduism, is one of the oldest and most complex religious traditions in the world. Rooted in ancient Indian scriptures and traditions, it encompasses a diverse range of beliefs, practices, rituals, and philosophies that have evolved over millennia.
At its core, Sanatana Dharma emphasizes the eternal truths and principles that govern the universe. These truths are believed to be discovered rather than invented, and they form the basis of moral, ethical, and spiritual conduct for adherents. The term “Sanatana” means eternal, and “Dharma” signifies duty, righteousness, and cosmic law. Central to Sanatana Dharma is the concept of karma, which posits that every action has consequences, influencing future lives and the cycle of rebirth (samsara). Liberation from this cycle (moksha) is seen as the ultimate spiritual goal, achievable through self-realization, knowledge (jnana), devotion (bhakti), or disciplined action (karma yoga). Sanatana Dharma encompasses a vast array of deities and manifestations of the divine, reflecting its inclusive nature. Major deities such as Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, and Devi (the Goddess) are worshipped alongside countless regional and local deities, each embodying various aspects of the divine cosmic order (dharma). Scriptures like the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Ramayana, and Mahabharata provide foundational teachings and stories that guide spiritual and ethical living. Philosophical schools such as Vedanta, Yoga, and Samkhya offer diverse paths to spiritual realization and understanding of the nature of reality.
Throughout its history, Sanatana Dharma has adapted to cultural changes while maintaining core principles of tolerance, pluralism, and respect for diversity. It has been influenced by various religious and philosophical traditions.
